Although healthcare markets have changed dramatically over time, and continue to evolve, collective action by healthcare providers to obstruct new models for providing or paying for care, or to interfere with cost-conscious purchasing, remains a significant threat to consumers… Giving healthcare providers… a license to engage in price fixing and boycotts in order to extract higher payments from third-party payers would be a costly step backward, not forward, on the path to a better healthcare system.

-David Wales, Deputy Director of the FTC Bureau of Competition testifying before the Antitrust Task Force of the House Committee on the Judiciary